Tunlai a English tia kan hriat mai hi tawngbul nei tu tak te chu Angles,Saxons leh Jutes hnam ho German hnam peng ami, kum 1500 lai kal ta a England rama lo awm ta te tawng ani anti. Hun a kal zel a French, Spanish, American Indian leh tawngdang atang te in a ngial a ngan a lak luh emaw, tlem a spelling dang deuh in emaw, a lam rik dan dang deuh hret in emaw, English word a lak luh te a lo ni zel ani. Entirnan: Spanish in ‘Patio’ (inina a hualvel tualzawl), French tawng ‘café’ (thingpuidawr, hotel), American Indian tawng ‘raccoon’(Savawm ang deuh America ram ram sa) etc., te chu English tawng an lo ni ta ani.
Tunlai ah Latin leh Greek tawng tam tak te chu English tawng ah lak luh leh zel alo ni a, a ngial a ngan a la lut lo deuh te in prefix leh suffix te belh in word (thumal) a siam chhuah a lo ni zel ani. Entirnan : Latin tawng a, ‘Manus’ English in ‘hand’ (kut) atang hian thu mal tam tak a rawn chhuak ta ani. manicure, manual ,manufacture, manuscript, manner, manipulate etc,,. ‘Manu’ tih chu Latin thu mal ‘fact’(siam) tih leh a tawp na ah ‘ure’(the act of) tih chu belh khawm in ‘Manufacture’ (thilsiam) tih a lo chhuak ta ani.
Chu tiang bawk in Latin tawnga ‘Memor’ (ngaihsak/pawisa) tih chu prefix leh suffix emaw, noun form/adjective form etc., a han siam hian word (thumal) tam tak a lo chhuak leh thei. Memory, remember, memorial, memorandum, memorize, remembrance etc…
‘Fuse’(ti tui, hem tui, lang, chanchin bu ilova lang)atang te pawh hian. Entirnan : Refuse (re=back), Confuse (con=together), effuse (ef=out of), transfuse (trans=across).
‘Dict’(sawi, puang) atang te pawh prefix, suffix, noun form, adjective form etc, in word tam tak a rawn chhuak thei ani. Entirnan : Prediction, predictable, predictive etc.,
English word zir hian heng suffix hman dan te, prefix hman dan te leh tawngdang atang lakluh anih dan hi chiang tak a zir chian hi vocabulary min ti hau sa in Dictionary hman dan pawh min ti thiam awl ani. Dictionary a a chhan lan dan leh a sentence a thu sawi duh ilo vel pawh hriat thiam a awl phah ngei ang le. Dictionary by-heart tlut tlut chu theih nghilh leh te a awl em em a, a chhan chip chiar tak a kan hriat duh erawh chuan dictionary hi a tang kai hle ang.
Latin word English word ang a kan hman mai atlangpui te lo thir ta ila;
ACT (do, drive)
E.g., The action (doing) of the wind operates a windmill.
An active (doing) person is usually healthy.
How do you react to that idea? (Re= back).
CAPT (take, hold)
The criminal was soon captured (taken).
A captive (taken) bird will sometimes refuse to sing.
The prisoner begged his captor (one who took him) for release.
CREAT (make)
The children create puppets to tell stories.
Charles Schulz is the creator of Snoopy.
His creative ideas are always interesting.
The creation of a work of art is often difficult.
A shrew is a tiny mouse-like creature.
DICT (say, speak, tell)
Her diction (way of speaking word) is very pleasant.
Can you predict (tell ahead) the weather? (Pre=before).
A dictator tells people what they can do.
Please dictate (say the words) the letter you write.
A dictionary is an important reference.
It is not polite to contradict (speak against) another person’s opinion. (Contra=against).
EQU (same)
In an equation both parts have the same value.
An equal sign separates the two parts.
Four quarters are the equivalent of a dollar.
An equinox occurs twice a year, when days and nights are the same length.
The equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth into equal parts.
An equilateral triangle has sides that are the same in length.
Equality of people’s rights is guaranteed by law in our country.
LECT (read)
The speaker’s lecture was made from written notes.
The papers were on a lectern as he spoke.
LOC (place)
The best location (place) for a store is one that has enough parking space.
Can you locate (find the place) Lake Erie on the map?
The local (placed nearby) drugstore sells magazines.
PED (foot)
Pedestrians (foot travelers) must stay in the crosswalk when crossing the street.
The bicycle pedal (part operated by foot) needs to be repaired.
Statues are often placed on tall pedestals (feet or bases).
LIBER (free)
The campers were given the liberty (free) to choose their activities.
The coach was liberal (free) with praise for the team.
The liberated (made free) prisoners wept with joy.
VAC (empty, free from)
There was no vacancy (empty space) at the motel.
The flood victims were evacuated (emptied) from the town. (e= from).
A vacation (free time) from our usual work is welcome.
This old house has been vacant (empty) for many years.
Dirt is pulled into the empty space in a vacuum cleaner.
An elected official must vacate (make empty) his office at the end of his term.
VIS (see)
The moon is visible (can be seen) on a clear night.
He visited (went to see) Europe last year.
The travelers had a vista (distant sight or view) of the Rocky Mountain.
An eagle’s vision (ability to see) is excellent.
It might be fun to be invisible (not seen).
Visual aids can help to explain an idea.
UNI (one, single)
The fifty states are united (as one) to make one nation.
The team made a united effort to win.
His idea was unique (only one of its kinds).
The children’s choir sang in unison (one sound together).
The appearance of his writing is uniform (one form).
Astronomers study the universe (all things together as one).
It is not easy to ride a unicycle (one- wheel vehicle)
Two sets can be joined to make a union.
The broken unit (one part) cannot be used again.
Prefix leh Suffix belhkhawm pawh in Word tam tak a siam chhuah theih ani
Entirnan:-
DUCT (lead, take).
Furnace ducts (pipes leading out) carry hot or cold air to rooms in a house.
The club will conducts (lead together) a program. (con=together).
Wheat is a product (thing taken forth) of the Great Plains. (pro=forth).
A narrow canal called a aqueduct leads water to places where it is needed.(aqua=water).
This money can be deducted (taken away) from your income tax. (de=away).
FER (carry, bring)
Transfer (carry across) the package from the car to the plane. (Trans=across).
My questions refers (carries back) to your first statement. (Re=back)
The leader will confer (come together) with each other about the problem.(con=with, together).
They plan to defer (hold away) judgment until later. (de=away).
Some people prefer (hold in first place) living in a city. (Pre=before)
FLEX (bend)
The thin copper wire is quite flexible (easy to bend).
A reflection in a mirror bends the light back to show an image.
When the doctor tapped his patient’s knee, reflex action caused the leg to move.(re=back)
FUSE (pour)
The surgeon ordered blood transfused to the patient.
He refused to accept the offer.(re=back)
The facts were confused and hard to put together (come together).
Ink mixed with water diffuses to a lighter color (dif=apart)
GRESS (step, go)
She was praised for progress in her studies (pro=forward).
The cave’s ingress was narrow. (In=into)
An aggressive person may try to bully others (Ag=toward)
To save time, do not digress from the subject (di=away)
They were warned not to transgress the rules. (Tran=across, against)
HABIT (live)
A tiger’s usual habitat is the jungle.
The people who inhabit these islands are friendly.
MIT (send, go)
The radio can transmit messages for great distances (Trans=across)
This ticket will permit you to enter (per=through)
Submit the plan to the committee (sub=under)
A pass will admit you to the show (ad=to)
Chimneys emit smoke from material which is burning.(e=out)
MOT (move)
The motion of the boat stopped when the motor was shut off.
What was his motive (reason, cause to move) for doing that?
The manager was his promoted to president (pro=ahead)
His assistant was demoted to a lower position (de=down)
PEL (punch, drive)
Gasoline engines propel the cars (Pro=forward)
There was a campaign to expel the traitors (ex=out)
We tried to compel them to leave (com=together)
A spray is used to repel insects (re=back)
Strong winds arose to dispel the clouds (dis=away)
PLI (fold)
Leader is pliable when it is soft.
A duplicate copy can be made with carbon paper (du=twice)
Events in the mystery story became complicated (con=together)
The accused person was implicated in several crimes (im=in)
PORT (carry)
Some hotels have porters to carry luggage.
A portable radio is a great convenience.
The campers carried their canoes on a portage between lakes.
The spy way deported from the country (de=away)
Bananas are imported to the United States (im=in)
Coffee is exported from South America (ex=out)
Vegetables are transported from to the city in trucks (Tran=across)
POS (e) (Put, place)
Compose a letter telling what you want (com=together)
Money deposited in a bank earns more money in interest (de=away, aside)
The opposing team won the toss (op=against)
Used paper is disposed of in trash cans (dis=away)
The speaker proposed a new plan (pro=forward)
Skin exposed to the sun will tan or burn (ex=out)
PRESS (push, squeeze)
Steam makes pressure to run engines.
The car stopped when the driver depressed the brake pedal (de=down)
Wood pulp is compress to make paper (com=together)
The performer tried to impress her audience (Im=in)
It was hard for the speakers to express his feelings. (Ex=out)
People ruled by others may feel oppressed. (Op=against)
RUPT (break)
A rupture in the water pipe flooded the street.
The volcano is expected to erupt (e=out)
Delay disrupted the schedule (dis= apart)
A news flash interrupted the program (inter=between)
A bankrupt business has no money
SCRIPT (write)
The author’s description is exciting (de=down)
A postscript was added to her letter (post=after)
The inscription on the monument was a poem (in=in)
A doctor’s prescription is needed before a drug is given (pre=before)
SECT (divide, cut)
A section of the audience remained standing.
Highways intersect at a clover leaf (inter=across)
A square can be bisected, making two triangles (bi=two)
The instructor showed how to dissect a frog (dis=apart)
SPECT (look, see)
Spectators cheered the winning team.
The Grand Canyon is one of nature’s spectacles
A specimen of moon rock is studied carefully.
Firemen inspect a good corn crop. (Ex=forward to)
The suspect was kept under close watch. (Sus=under)
Prospects seem good for a finishing trip (pro=a head)
In retrospect, it seems to us that the trip was successful (retro=back)
TRUCT (build)
The structure at the corner is an office building.
Two girls worked to construct a play-house (con=together)
An iron gate obstructs the entrance (ob=against)
The hurricane caused destruction of property (de=down)
If he is well-instructed, he can work out the problem (in=into)
TORT (twist)
A tortuous path led to the mountaintop.
His face was contorted with pain (con=together)
The kidnappers planned to extort money from the victim’s family (Ex=out of)
TRACT (draw, pull)
A tractor moved the heavy legs.
The wheels lost traction on the ice.
The show attracted a large crowd (at=toward)
The amount subtracted should leave a balance (sub=down)
A protractor is used to extend lines (pro=ahead of)
The cat purred and retraced its claws (re=back)
Orange juice can be extracted and frozen (ex=out)
The contraction for “I am” is “I’m” (con=together)
VENT (come)
A storm prevented the plane from landing (Pre=before)
The convention was held in a hotel (con=together)
It was difficult to circumvent the muddy field (circum=around)
VERT (turn)
A loud noise diverted her attention from her book (di=away)
Banks and some stores will convert checks into cash (con=into, together)
The property reverts to its original owner (re=back)
Latin tawngbul hi list ang deuh in han thlir ta ila,
AQUA(water):aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquarium,aquatic,aquamarine,aquacade,aqueduct.
BENE (good): benefit, benefactor, benevolent, beneficial, benediction.
CED (to go): proceed, succeed, exceed, procedure, recede.
CENT (hundred): cent, century, centipede, percent, centennial.
CEPT (to take): accept, except, concept, deceptive.
CHORUS (song, dance): choral, chorale, choreographer, chorus
CHRON (time): chronicle, chronic, chronometer, chronology.
CIVI (citizen): civil, civilization, civic, civilian.
CLUDE (to shut, close): conclude, include, preclude, exclude
CRED (belief, faith): credit, discredit, credentials, credible, incredulous, credibility.
CUMUL (heap, mass): cumulus, accumulate, cumulative
CYCL (circle): cyclone, bicycle, cyclotron, encyclopedia.
DONUM (gift): donor, donate, donation.
DURA (lasting for the length of time): durable, endure, obdurate, during, duration.
FLICT (to strike): inflict, conflict, afflict.
FRACT (to break): Fractions, fracture, fracture, fractious, fragile, fragment, refract, infraction.
FUSE (pour): refuse, transfuse, confuse, diffuse, effusive.
GRAD (step): grade, graduate, gradual, degrade, upgrade.
LEGIS (law): legal, legacy, legislature, legitimate.
LITTERA (written letter): Literal, literary, literature, illiterate.
MAL (bad): malice, malignant, malign, malevolent, malefactor, malediction, malfeasance.
MANU (hand): manual, manufacture, manuscript, manner, manicure, manipulate.
MARE (sea): marine, mariner, submarine, aquamarine, maritime.
MEMOR (mindful): memory, remember, memorial, memorandum, memorize, remembrance.
NOM (name): nominee, nominate, denomination, denominator.
OPERA (works): Opera, operetta, operate, operable, cooperate, operative.
PRIMUS (first rank, most important): primer, primary, prime, primeval, primitive.
SEQU (to flow): sequel, sequence, consequent, subsequent,.
SIMIL (like): similar, simile, simulation.
SOLV (to loosen, release, unbind): solution, solve, solvent, dissolve, resolution.
SPIR (to breathe): aspire, expire, respire, perspire, transpire, inspire, and conspire, conspiration, conspiracy.
TRIBU (to give): contribute, tributary, attribute, distribute, tribe.
Greek tawng atang English word kan hman lar zual deuh te
Greek word pahnih emaw chu ai atam emaw te belhkhawm hian word tam tak kan nei ani. Entirnan:- auto (self) +bio (life) +graph (writing) =autobiography (mahni chanchin ziahna) Micro (small) +scope (see) =microscope (an instrument for looking at small things)
Astro (star) gyro (circle) mono (one, single)
Auto (self) hemi (half) naut (seaman)
Bio (life) hydro (water) ology, logy (study)
Geo (earth) kine (move) para (beside, along with)
Gram (small) meter (measure) phone (sound, voice)
Graph (writing) micro (small) photo (light)
Poly (much, many) scope (see) plane (flat, level)
Sphere (ball, globe) tele (far away)
A chunga mi te hi a lo fiah zual deuh nan a hnuai a ang hian han thlir leh ta ila:-
Astro+logy hydro+plane
Astro+naut kine+scope
Auto+graph mono+graph
Bio+logy micro+phone
Bio+scope poly+graph
Geo+graph+y tele+gram
Geo+met+ry tele+met+ry
Geo+logy tele+phone
Gyro+scope tele+scope
Hemi+sphere photo+graph
Latin Prefixes
Ab (a, abs): from, away per: through
Ad (ac,ag,al,an,ap,ar,as,at): to,toward. Post: after
Circum:around pre:before,ahead
Com (co, col, con, cor): with, together pro: before, in front of, forth, forward, out, ahead of
Contra: against re (red): again, back
De: from, away, down retro: back
Dis (di, dif): apart, away, not sub (sus): under, down
Ex (e, ef): from, out, out from, out of Trans (tra): across
In (il, im): in, into
Inter: among, between
Intro: within
Non : not
Ob (oc, of, op): against
Tlipna
English hi tun lai ah chuan khawvel pum tawnghman anih angin, zir chian a tul hle a, a har te pawh hi a har em em bawk.Tun lai ah tawngthar deuh te a rawn chhuak zung zung reng bawk a, tawng thar te man zel thei tur chuan Greek tawng leh Latin tawng te pawh hi chik chian a zir chian a tul ani. Theology te, Science te, Biology te adt., kan zir dawn phei chuan Greek leh Latin hi an pawi mawh hle ani.
English hi mi ram a kan awm phei chuan kan tawng anih ve tho a vang in thiam tum a zir pawh hi a tul em em bawk. Zirlai te hian kan zirlai te Dictionary hmanga zir chian kan tum a tawng in kaih hnawih dan kan hriat leh si loh chuan a har zual em em thin ani. Kan zirlai te a tam zawk chu English a zir anih thin a vang hian i zir chiang ang u.
Keini Mizo te hian English hi kan la chhawng ve na sa em em mai a, kan lak luh dan ah pawh hian fim khur a tha. Noun chu noun anih angin mizo ah pawh hmangila, Verb chu verb anih ang bawk in la lut ta ila a that a rin awm. Entirnan:- “Kan devotion dawn” te lo ti ta ila, ‘devotion’ hi noun anih tlat avangin a dik thei dawn lo ani. Engtawng ah pawh Sentence pakhat siam tur chuan verb a tel ngei a ngai ani. Exception erawh a awm ang chu, entirnan:- ‘Ka bazaar dawn’ kan tih chuan bazaar hi ‘ common noun’ ania, ‘verb’ ang in kan hmang mai a, hei hi chu tawngdang pawh hian an hmang ve zeuh zeuh tho niin a lang.
English hi thiam lo ber pawl chu ka ni ngei ang ka ring, amaherawh chu zir lai ka nih a vang in ka bei ve tang tang ani. Zirlai te chuan kan nihna ang a tan lak hian hlawhtlinna kawng kan zawh theih ngei a rin awm. English ngaihsan luat avanga mahni tawng zir duh lo emaw, hmusit tlat tu te chu mi ngaih tuah awm tak an ni. Mizo ka nih chuan mizo tawng hi thiam tur a ka zir leh ngaih hlut ngei a tul ani.
Chhiartu zawng zawng te Pathian in finna thar pe in Malsawmna tin reng vur zel che u rawh se!!
